Non Profit Corp Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Non Profit Corp Law - Essay Example A corporation is permitted under the Virginia State laws on nonprofit corporation to pay compensation of some reasonable amount to the members, director officers for the services rendered. It may also pay pensions and benefits conforming to the purposes of the firm as well as make distributions as permitted by the Act upon dissolution or liquidation (Bruce, 2009). However, no such payment, distribution or benefits may be deemed to be dividends or income. As a result of this prohibition, most of the corporations in the state of Virginia that intent to conduct business for profit making are organized in form of stock corporations. The Internal Revenue Code section 501 expressly prohibits inurnment of earnings of an entity to the benefit of any private individual or shareholder. The code also imposes excise tax on excess benefit transaction between a disqualified person and any organization as described under section 501 (Bruce, 2009). IRS has provided that an organization shall operate primarily for exempt purposes. Under the IRS code, private inurnment applies to benefits to those who control or influence the activities of the organization such as directors, management, officers, the physicians and medical staff. Private inurnment is based on the requirement that the organization serve a public purpose and not a private one. It prohibits a nonprofit from extending a substantial part of the activities or resources on non- exempt purposes (Bruce, 2009). This does not mean that the firm cannot have receipts that exceed the expenditures. Rather, the organization should use the revenues to further the exempt purposes but not to further the interests of insiders. The crux of the prohibitions of private inurnment and the use of excess benefit lies in enriching the lives of others at the expense of furthering the exempt purposes of an organization (Bruce, 2009). It provides that activities that

Paper 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Paper 3 - Essay Example Therefore according to the engineering code of conduct, such a scenario falls under the technical coordination, the behavioral responses and drawing up conclusions based on the cultural knowledge. Therefore, the actions that I will most likely take are based on placing at heart the issue of quality control and in accordance to the context of the engineer’s code of conduct. In accordance to the above engineering case study, the applicability of the code of ethics and consideration of engineering as a social experiment comes out clearly. For instance, according to the ASCE code of standards, engineers are supposed to take actions based on the social and ethical responsibility and within the context of divergent cultures. Therefore the actions that were likely taken and also that were least likely to be taken were based on the fact that engineers have a moral responsibility to ensure improved safety and societal conditions and also take actions regardless of the diversity of the engineering setting case presented. Therefore in accordance to the responses and the case study presented, it is clear that the issues of ethical, social responsibility and regulations difference

'Childrens rights are equal and indivisible. Discuss in relation to Essay

'Childrens rights are equal and indivisible. Discuss in relation to the experience of girls in any country of your choice - Essay Example nited Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) was established in 1989 to protect the welfare of children below 18 years of age against child prostitution or pornography. (CRIN, 2008) Together with UNICEF (2006), the said convention also promotes gender equality by protecting all children from being discriminated due to physical disability or poverty. In fact, governments that are members of UNCRC are required to ensure that children will live a healthy living. Despite the implementation of human rights treaty, sexual violence and lack of educational opportunity for girls who were born from poor families remain a serious socio-economic problem in most developing countries. For this study, the researcher will examine the actual condition of children’s right in sub-Saharan Africa. South Africa is a large country that experiences a huge income inequality wherein 37% of non-urban households headed by women belongs to the 20% of the poorest in the country. (Maharaj, 1999) Based on EFA Global Monitoring Report (2008, p. 4), the provision of pre-primary education for children aged 3 and above remains inadequate in sub-Saharan Africa. In fact, poor families seldom receive proper early childhood care and education programmes necessary for their health and nutrition as well as their cognitive development. Due to financial difficulties, only 86 girls per 100 boys and 79 girls out of 100 boys are able to enrolled in primary and secondary school respectively as of 2002. (United Nations, 2005) For this reason, 59% of 31,135 women between the age bracket of 15 to 24 are illiterates. (UNESCO, 2004) As a result of inequalities in education opportunity in sub-Saharan Africa, most women are not able to access the high salary employment. (United Nations, 2005) Only few women could get paid and regular jobs that provides them minimum financial security as well as limited social benefits. In most cases, 84% of women are informally employed in non-agricultural

FOUR TOP EXPERIMENTAL FILM MAKERS FROM UK AND AMERICA Essay

FOUR TOP EXPERIMENTAL FILM MAKERS FROM UK AND AMERICA - Essay Example Well, that last part isnt exactly true.† (Filmmaker, 2008, p.62) Robin had previously made three 16mm short films that were all semi-autobiographical. He employs a unique narrative angle in the making of My Olympic Summer: â€Å"I wanted to try to figure out a different point of entry. My parents had given me these old Super 8 home movies several years ago so I decided to create a fictitious storyline about them. Theres no relationship with the Olympics at all. There are kernels of truth throughout, but I wanted to create a more lyrical truth than a literal truth." (Filmmaker, 2008, p.62) Hence, what emerges is the experiment to combine literary aspects of Jorge Luis Borges to Woody Allen’s Zelig, whereby he’s pushing the boundaries of the documentary genre. Matt Wolf is another promising experimental filmmaker, who came to prominence through his Wild Combination: A Portrait of Arthur Russell. This artistic documentary craftily weaves together the scarce video footage of iconoclastic New York composer Arthur Russell. This made Wolf to invent â€Å"his own visual language to bridge the gaps in the recorded history of Russells story. Lyrical and emotional moments-listening to mix tapes on the Staten Island ferry, running through Iowa cornfields, the act of musical composition itself - are represented with elements as disparate as Super 8 re-enactments and abstract VHS inserts.† (Filmmaker, 2008, p.63) The plot follows key moments in Russell’s life, from these early days as a sensitive country boy to his sudden interest in music to Buddhist influences in his life to the influence of Timothy Leary. The film is in a way a tragedy, for though Russell’s compositions are now seen as avant-garde and he received fame posthumo usly, he met a premature death due to AIDS. In Wolf’s own assessment of the film: "Im not an identity politics

Aviation Spare parts supply chain management optimisation at Cathay Case Study

Aviation Spare parts supply chain management optimisation at Cathay - Case Study Example An efficient cost reducing solution to the problem of supply chain management optimisation has been suggested from a new perspective based on integer linear programming formulation by introducing a new algorithm to the rotable part, which can be applied to the whole inventory. For this purpose, calculation has been made through Viscalc application with iterative probability computation to prove the worth of the solution in reducing cost of inventory. Report findings point to the need of changing obsolete technology used through Ultramain and update it through currently available dynamic applications, as Ultramain was acquired for handling technical log process and for general maintenance management only. Based on the integer linear programming, the significance of the optimisation of the inventory, particularly of T category rotable parts like engine of the aircraft, is shown to be very crucial to attain. The subject of logistics and supply chain management has attained significant importance due to globalisation of business functions. No industry can manage to achieve cost efficiency and high performance levels without investing specialist resources to leverage from better supply chain management functions. Likewise, significance of supply chain management theories and their application in aviation business of Cathay Pacific Airways Limited, one of the topmost successful business stories in the airways industry, has been felt by the management of Cathay Pacific, as derived from the case study. Cathay Pacific Airways Limited stands on a high pedestal in the matter of performance and customer patronage among the world’s leading airlines. It is a financially sound commercial airline. Cathay Pacific has successfully been voted â€Å"Airline of the Year† organised by Skytrax Research in 2005 and awarded â€Å"Airline of the Year† in 2006 by the Air Transport World magazine. For maintaining its profit

Macroeconomics Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Macroeconomics Assignment - Essay Example 7). B: i. Figure: Labor Market (Parkin, 2012, p. 22) ii. Figure 2: Effect of greater immigration on Real GDP (Parkin, 2012, p. 23) iii. Due to relaxation of immigration laws large number of immigrants enters into the country and started to work as workers in various industries of the country. This increase in the number of immigrants increases the supply of labor in various industries. This increment in the number of labor supplied increases shifts the equilibrium point in the market for labor. At the existing equilibrium real wage rate (R1), there occurs excess supply for labour which causes the real wage rate to fall in the next period. The new equilibrium is achieved with the increased level of labor employment and lower level of real wage rate in the labor market. At the new equilibrium the amount of labor employed increases from L1Â ­ from L2Â ­ and the real wage rate falls from R1 to R2. These facts are evident from Figure 1. Again this increment in the employment of labor, g iven the production technologies and equipments, increases the total amounts of output produced in each industries and hence, given the number of total population in the country the real GDP of the country rises up. With the help of relaxation of the immigration laws the absolute number of workers available to the sector of production of goods and services in the country rises up. ... These technological advancements help producers of various goods and services to use available production techniques more efficiently and the productivity of each worker increases. Hence, the production function shifts up with the result that after the introduction of better and advanced techniques of production each worker produces higher level of output with the given levels of factors of production. With the same amount of labor employed (L) the output level rises up. These facts are clear from Figure 3 (Parkin, 2012, pp. 24-25). Figure 3: Technological change and shifts in Production Function (Parkin, 2012, pp. 35-36) ii. If the total amount of labor force employed in the process of production of goods and service remain constant in the economy, then in the face of technological advancement the efficiency of production of each of the worker will increase. This is because each worker is now given a better technology to work with which will raise the amount of goods and services pr oduced by each worker per hour. Hence, in the production sector of the economy greater amounts of goods and services will be produced at each point of time, in comparison to the previous period with no technological advancement. Hence, the volume of real GDP will rise up in the economy. Also given the total number of population in the economy, the volume of real GDP per person will rise up too (Parkin, 2012, pp. 35-36). iii. After the introduction of new technology in the process of production of various goods and services the real GDP and the real GDP per person rises up. Also the productivity of each worker or laborer rises up. This increase in the productivity plays the crucial role in the process of

International Relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Relation - Essay Example ional anarchy where the international systems currently exists under dislikes and power politics which translates to each state surviving though building up of military (Burchill, et al. 2013). This is a situation where states pursue their own interests but they all agree that each needs to attain as much resources as possible for their own relative gain. This they believe will make them much more independent. These resources are mostly material resources and this leads to classification of the world in terms of the developed and the developing with the developed having much more resources than the developing. An example is some of the Asians nations which for a very long time have been among the developing nation’s lists but have collected so much resource that they are currently almost richer than the United States. A perfect example is China which rose out of nowhere to become currently one of the richest nations with their resources being used all over the world from cars to electronics to clothes and toys and even food products. Other nations that seem to have nothing have also suddenly been accumulating wealth by utilizing their natural resources properly such as the Middle East countries especially Arabian nations such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates which have suddenly become rich because of the oil in their nation (Burchill, et al. 2013). In this proposition, states are considering themselves as the most important actors and hence seeking only what is best for them and not minding how that will play with the rest of the nations in the world. The best example is the xenophobia taking place in South Africa where the foreigners are being killed and chased away from the country or the reasons that they have been utilizing the best resources and having more positive gains than the locals in terms of employment and housing among others (Brock & Dludla, 2015). The locals consider this to be the only way to cater for their own interests and